Northern Pomo Phrasicon

badul ba:tʰe maʔamaʔahe ʔal mo:w sima miti
	badul	ba:tʰe	maʔamaʔa	-he	ʔal	mo:w	sima	miti
	lots	much	eat	-having	this	he	sleep	lie
because he ate so much he's sleeping
EC

ha ba:tʰem
	ha	ba:tʰem
	mouth	much
big mouth
EC
ES

mo:wal haba: jaxan
	mo:wal	haba:	ja-	-xa	-n
	him	tongue	with knife-	-cut	-ing
cutting his tongue
ES

badul ba:tʰe maʔamaʔakan mo:wal ditʰale
	badul	ba:tʰe	maʔamaʔa	-ka	-n	mo:wal	ditʰale
	lots	much	eat	-cause	-ing	him	hurt
he felt sick because he ate too much
EC

ba:tʰe mo:w basamye
	ba:tʰe	mo:w	basam	-ye
	lots	he	give a speech	-past
he made / gave many speeches
EC

ʔa: ho ba:ma
	ʔa:	ho	ba:ma
	I	fire	build
I build a fire
AL

ʔul xaba:made
	ʔul	xaba:	-ma	-de
	now	cloud	-cont.	-present
it is getting cloudy
ES

xa ba:tʰe banema
	xa	ba:tʰe	bane	-ma
	water	lots	flow	-cont.
lots of water flows / flood
EC

chiba: t̪a tʰoʔo:na:m maʔaʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	tʰoʔo:	-na:m	maʔa	-ʔ
	who	Q	acorn mush	-the	eat	-Q
who is eating the acorn mush?
EC

pʰik'a ba:tʰe diyuʔ ma:n shibuji
	pʰik'a	ba:tʰe	diyuʔ	ma:n	shibu	-ji
	basket	lots	lots	she	weave	-semelf.
she wove too many baskets
ES

kal xoba:ʔ
	kal	xoba:ʔ
	bead	seven
seven beads
ES

kal xoba:ʔna:m
	kal	xoba:ʔ	-na:m
	bead	seven	-the
the seven beads
ES

chiba: t̪a pʰitʰikjiʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	pʰitʰikji	-ʔ
	who	Q	belched (once)	-Q
who belched? (2)
EC

chiba: t̪a pʰitʰikjiʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	pʰitʰikji	-ʔ
	who	Q	burped (once)	-Q
who burped? (2)
EC

mo:w kaweyo ma-pʰaneʔ bila:y mu:l mo:wal maba:ji
	mo:w	kaweyo	ma-pʰane	-ʔ	bila:	-y	mu:l	mo:wal	ma-	-ba:	-ji
	he	horse	his daughter	-obl.	buy	-past	that	him	foot-	-hit	-semelf.
the horse that he bought for his daughter kicked him
EC

chiba: t̪a t̪iʔ hayu baʔoleʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	t̪iʔ	hayu	baʔole	-ʔ
	who	Q	his.logo.	dog	call	-Q
who is calling their dog?
EC

chiba: t̪a ma:k'ayda lok'alaʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	ma:k'ayda	lok'a	-la	-ʔ
	who	Q	cliff	fall	-down	-Q
who fell off the cliff?
EC

kakona:muu so ba:tʰe na
	kako	-na:m	-muu	so	ba:tʰe	na
	field	-the	-there	clover	lots	be
the field there has lots of clover there's lots of clover in the field there
EC

chiba: kasilaʔankan t̪a ʔal ma kapo:t̪a pʰe:diʔ

chiba:

kasila

-ʔa

-n

-ka

-n

t̪a

ʔal

kapo:t̪a

pʰe:

-di

-ʔ

who

cold

-reflex.

-ing

-cause

-ing

this

you

coat

carry

-present

-Q

who is cold that you are carrying coats to?

chiba: kasilaʔankan t̪a ʔal ma:n kapo:t̪a pʰe:diʔ

chiba:

kasila

-ʔa

-n

-ka

-n

t̪a

ʔal

ma:n

kapo:t̪a

pʰe:

-di

-ʔ

who

cold

-reflex.

-ing

-cause

-ing

this

she

coat

carry

-present

-Q

who is cold that she is carrying coats to?

kaweyo ba:kaya:ʔ kats'a: pʰiʔelin
	kaweyo	ba:ka	-ya:ʔ	kats'a:	pʰiʔeli	-n
	horse	cow	-nom.	grass	look for	-ing
horses (and) cows are looking for grass
ES

chiba: ma:dal k'o t̪ʰana jaxanha
	chiba:	ma:dal	k'o	t̪ʰana	ja-	-xa	-nha
	who	her	not	hand	with knife-	-cut	-not
nobody cut her hand
ES

chiba: k'o ma:dal t̪ʰana jaxanha
	chiba:	k'o	ma:dal	t̪ʰana	ja-	-xa	-nha
	who	not	her	hand	with knife-	-cut	-not
nobody cut her hand (3)
ES

chiba: t̪a k'ala:ʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	k'ala:	-ʔ
	who	Q	die	-Q
who died?
EC

k'o ba:tʰe maʔaʔhe t̪a ʔal mo:w k'ala:ʔ
	k'o	ba:tʰe	maʔa	-ʔ	-he	t̪a	ʔal	mo:w	k'ala:	-ʔ
	what	lots	eat	-semelf.	-having	Q	this	he	die	-Q
what did he die from having eating a lot of?
EC

chiba:l t̪a hayuna:mpʰow tʰaʔmuʔyeʔ
	chiba:	-l	t̪a	hayu	-na:m	-pʰow	tʰaʔ	-muʔ	-ye	-ʔ
	who	-acc.	Q	dog	-the	-they	play	-recip.	-past	-Q
who did the dogs play with?
EC

John t̪iʔ hayuna:m mabaʔkan Sam ka:y t̪iʔ hayuna:m maba:ji

John

t̪iʔ

hayu

-na:m

ma-

-ba

-ʔ

-ka

-n

Sam

ka:y

t̪iʔ

hayu

-na:m

ma-

-ba:

-ji

John

his.logo.

dog

-the

foot-

-hit

-semelf.

-cause

-ing

Sam

also

his.logo.

dog

-the

foot-

-hit

-semelf.

John kicked his (own) dog, so Sam kicked his (own) dog, too
because John kicked his (own) dog, Sam also kicked his (own) dog

mo:waʔ hayu ba:tʰe diyuʔ na
	mo:waʔ	hayu	ba:tʰe	diyuʔ	na
	his	dog	many	lots	be
he has too many dogs
ES

chiba: t̪a xaʔant̪aʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	xaʔan	-t̪a	-ʔ
	who	Q	dream	-mev.	-Q
who is dreaming?
EC

chiba:l t̪a xaʔant̪aʔ
	chiba:	-l	t̪a	xaʔan	-t̪a	-ʔ
	who	-acc.	Q	dream	-mev.	-Q
who is dreaming? (2)
EC

chiba: t̪a ʔal xaʔanjiʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	ʔal	xaʔanji	-ʔ
	who	Q	this	dream	-Q
who dreamed this? who was it that dreamed this?
EC

chiba:l t̪a ʔal xaʔanjiʔ
	chiba:	-l	t̪a	ʔal	xaʔanji	-ʔ
	who	-acc.	Q	this	dream	-Q
who dreamed this? (2) who was it that dreamed this? (2)
EC

ba:mt̪a xa k'on
	ba:mt̪a xa	k'o	-n
	wine	drink	-ing
drinking wine
EC

chiba:l t̪a lok'yeʔ
	chiba:	-l	t̪a	lok'	-ye	-ʔ
	who	-acc.	Q	fall	-past	-Q
who fell?
EC

ba:tʰe diyuʔ ʔa: maʔa
	ba:tʰe	diyuʔ	ʔa:	maʔa
	lots	lots	I	eat
I ate too much
EC

k'abay maʔan ba:na:m sip'u:nim
	k'abay	maʔa	-n	ba:	-na:m	sip'u:ni	-m
	onion	eat	-ing	man	-the	kiss	-command
eat an onion then kiss your man! (imperative)
EC

chiba: t̪a bishena:m maʔaʔyeʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	bishe	-na:m	maʔa	-ʔ	-ye	-ʔ
	who	Q	meat	-the	eat	-semelf.	-past	-Q
who ate the meat?
EC

xoba:ʔ yemal
	xoba:ʔ	yemal
	seven	year
seven years
ES

ʔuymo ma:n mo:wal pʰaba:ji
	ʔuymo	ma:n	mo:wal	pʰa-	-ba:	-ji
	face	she	him	with fist-	-hit	-semelf.
she hit him in the face
EC

chiba: t̪a ba-ʔe naʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	ba-ʔe	na	-ʔ
	who	Q	his father	be	-Q
who is the father? who is his father?
ES

chiba: t̪a ba-tʰe naʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	ba-tʰe	na	-ʔ
	who	Q	his mother	be	-Q
who is the mother? who is his mother?
ES

chiba: ma-tʰe na mo:w jamuʔye
	chiba:	ma-tʰe	na	mo:w	jamu	-ʔ	-ye
	who	his mother	be	he	ask	-semelf.	-past
he asked who his mother was
ES

chiba: t̪a ʔa:mi-tʰe naʔ hin mo:w he
	chiba:	t̪a	ʔa:mi-tʰe	na	-ʔ	hi	-n	mo:w	he
	who	Q	my mother	be	-Q	say	-ing	he	say
"who is my mother?," he said
ES

chiba: t̪a ʔa:mi-tʰe naʔ mo:w jamuʔye
	chiba:	t̪a	ʔa:mi-tʰe	na	-ʔ	mo:w	jamu	-ʔ	-ye
	who	Q	my mother	be	-Q	he	ask	-semelf.	-past
"who is my mother?," he asked
ES

chiba: t̪a ba-kaʔ naʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	ba-kaʔ	na	-ʔ
	who	Q	his maternal grandmother	be	-Q
who is the grandmother? who is his grandmother? who is her grandmother? who is their grandmother?
ES

chiba: t̪a ba-maʔ naʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	ba-maʔ	na	-ʔ
	who	Q	his paternal grandmother	be	-Q
who is the grandmother? who is his grandmother? who is her grandmother? who is their grandmother?
ES

chiba: ma-t'il sip'u:n t̪a mo:w jadiʔ
	chiba:	ma-t'iy	-l	sip'u:n	t̪a	mo:w	jadi	-ʔ
	who	his younger brother	-acc.	kiss	Q	he	see	-Q
who did he see kiss his younger brother? who did he see kiss his younger sister?
EC

ba:mt̪a kako mitikan
	ba:mt̪a	kako	miti	-ka	-n
	grape	field	lie	-cause	-ing
growing a vineyard planting a grape field
ES

hay pʰich'ohe ho ba:mʔa
	hay	pʰi-	-ch'o	-he	ho	ba:m	-ʔa
	wood	with long object-	-chop	-having	fire	build (a fire)	-passive
having chopped wood, a fire was built
EC

muu ho ba:mʔa
	muu	ho	ba:m	-ʔa
	there	fire	build (a fire)	-passive
a fire was built there
EC

k'abat' haywi ma:n ho ba:ma
	k'abat'	hay	-wi	ma:n	ho	ba:ma
	madrone	wood	-with	she	fire	build (a fire)
she built a fire with madrone wood
EC

k'abat'wi ma:n ho ba:ma
	k'abat'	-wi	ma:n	ho	ba:ma
	madrone	-with	she	fire	build (a fire)
she built a fire with madrone
EC

xama ts'u:wi xama maba:jin
	xama ts'u:	-wi	xama	ma-	-ba:	-ji	-n
	toe	-with	foot	foot-	-hit	-semelf.	-ing
kicking (someone's) foot with (your) toe
ES

xamawi maba:jin
	xama	-wi	ma-	-ba:	-ji	-n
	foot	-with	foot-	-hit	-semelf.	-ing
kicking with (your) foot
EC

mu:l kasil hin chiba: t̪a heʔ
	mu:l	kasil	hi	-n	chiba:	t̪a	he	-ʔ
	that	cold	say	-ing	who	Q	say	-Q
who said that it is cold (weather)?
ES

mu:l kasil hin t̪a chiba: heʔ
	mu:l	kasil	hi	-n	t̪a	chiba:	he	-ʔ
	that	cold	say	-ing	Q	who	say	-Q
who said that it is cold (weather)? did someone say it is cold?
ES

chiba: t̪am heʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	-m	he	-ʔ
	who	Q	-that	say	-Q
who said that?
ES

ma:t̪a ch'a: nan ba: ch'a: nan yeʔ xawji
	ma:t̪a	ch'a:	nan	ba:	ch'a:	nan	yeʔ	xaw	-ji
	woman	one	and	man	one	and	only	remain	-semelf.
only one woman and one man remain just one girl and one boy are left
ES

ba:kaya:ʔ kawi baʔadin
	ba:ka	-ya:ʔ	kawi	baʔad	-in
	cow	-nom.	child	birth	-ing
the cow is having a baby the cow is calving
ES

chiba: t̪a naʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	na	-ʔ
	who	Q	be	-Q
who is it?
EC

ba:mt̪ay ʔoʔ ts'ijinha
	ba:mt̪a	-y	ʔoʔ	ts'i	-ji	-nha
	grape	-plural	still	ripe	-semelf.	-not
the grapes are not ripe yet the grapes still have not ripened
ES

ba:mt̪a mitikan
	ba:mt̪a	miti	-ka	-n
	grape	lie	-cause	-ing
growing grapes planting grapes
ES

ba:mt̪ay kaley
	ba:mt̪a	-y	kale	-y
	grape	-plural	white	-plural
white grapes
ES
AL

masa:nya:ʔ ba:mt̪a baʔkan
	masa:n	-ya:ʔ	ba:mt̪a	baʔ	-ka	-n
	white person	-nom.	grape	grow	-cause	-ing
white people are growing grapes
ES

mo:wal ʔa: maba:ʔye
	mo:wal	ʔa:	ma-	-ba:	-ʔ	-ye
	him	I	foot-	-hit	-semelf.	-past
I kicked him
EC

ma:n t̪o: maba:ji
	ma:n	t̪o:	ma-	-ba:	-ji
	she	me	foot-	-hit	-semelf.
she kicked me
EC

kamat̪' ma: ma:n t̪o: maba:ji
	kamat̪'	ma:	ma:n	t̪o:	ma-	-ba:	-ji
	anger	things	she	me	foot-	-hit	-semelf.
she kicked me in anger
EC

chiba:l t̪a ma:n mo:wal sip'u:nka daʔadeʔ
	chiba:	-l	t̪a	ma:n	mo:wal	sip'u:n	-ka	daʔa	-de	-ʔ
	who	-acc.	Q	she	him	kiss	-cause	want	-present	-Q
who does she want him to kiss? who does she want to have kiss him?
EC

du: jano janon daʔadin meʔ ma mu:l haba: t̪'oxale na

du:

jano

-n

daʔa

-di

-n

meʔ

mu:l

haba:

t̪'o

-xale

other

language

speak

-ing

want

-present

-ing

char.

you

that

tongue

suck

-should

if you want to speak another language, you have to suck tongues
Edna said, “Old Indian women would say that to us all the time. We’d make a remark about not being able to understand another dialect and we’d laugh at the old ladies when they’d say that to us. I never was able to tell if it was a joke or not, whether we should or whether it was done or not!”

du: janon daʔadin meʔ ma mu:l haba: t̪'oxale nanway

du:

jano

-n

daʔa

-di

-n

meʔ

mu:l

haba:

t̪'o

-xale

nanway

other

speak

-ing

want

-present

-ing

char.

you

that

tongue

suck

-should

disc.mrkr.

if you want to speak another (language), you have to suck tongues
Edna said, “Old Indian women would say that to us all the time. We’d make a remark about not being able to understand another dialect and we’d laugh at the old ladies when they’d say that to us. I never was able to tell if it was a joke or not, whether we should or whether it was done or not!”

kujiya ba:tʰe
	kujiya	ba:tʰe
	knife	many
many knives (2) lots of knives (2)
ES

kamiisa ba:tʰe ma:n beʔmaji dasey
	kamiisa	ba:tʰe	ma:n	beʔmaji	dasey
	shirt	many	she	today	wash
she washed many shirts today
EC

kamiisa ba:tʰe ma:n dasey beʔmaji
	kamiisa	ba:tʰe	ma:n	dasey	beʔmaji
	shirt	many	she	wash	today
she washed many shirts today (2)
EC

ba:tʰe pʰow na
	ba:tʰe	pʰow	na
	many	they	be
they are many there are a lot of them
ES

miʔna:m ba:tʰe nan kʰena:mil ʔanu ba:tʰe
	miʔ	-na:m	ba:tʰe	na	-n	kʰe	-na:m	-mil	ʔanu	ba:tʰe
	your	-the	many	be	-ing	my	the	-from.that	comparative	many
you have many, more than me you have a lot (of them), more than I do
ES

kʰena:mil ʔanu ba:tʰe miʔ du:l na
	kʰe	-na:m	-mil	ʔanu	ba:tʰe	miʔ	du:l	na
	my	-the	-from.that	comparative	many	your	other	be
you on the other hand have more than I do
ES

mo:waʔ dakʰe k'o chiba:ya:ʔ sili: ma: showt̪ajinhan

mo:waʔ

dakʰe

k'o

chiba:

-ya:ʔ

sili:

ma:

show

-t̪a

-ji

-nha

-n

him

about

not

who

-nom.

after

thing

hear

-mev.

-semelf.

-not

-ing

no one hears anything from him anymore
nobody hears things about him anymore

chiba:l t̪a k'uts'iʔ
	chiba:	-l	t̪a	k'uts'i	-ʔ
	who	-acc.	Q	annoy	-Q
who is annoyed? who is bothered? who is pestered? who is bugged?
EC

chiba: t̪a ʔal mo:wal k'uts'aʔadeʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	ʔal	mo:wal	k'uts'	-aʔa	-de	-ʔ
	who	Q	this	him	annoy	-reflex.	-present	-Q
who is getting annoyed with him? who is getting bothered by him? who is getting pestered by him? who is getting bugged by him?
EC

chiba: t̪a ʔal t̪o: k'uts'iʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	ʔal	t̪o:	k'uts'i	-ʔ
	who	Q	this	me	annoy	-Q
who is this I'm annoyed at? who is this I'm bothered by? who is this I'm pestered by? who is this I'm bugged by?
EC

chiba: t̪a mit̪o k'uts'kaʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	mit̪o	k'uts'	-ka	-ʔ
	who	Q	you	annoy	-cause	-Q
who is annoying you? who is bothering you? who is pestering you? who is bugging you?
EC

chiba:l t̪a ʔal t̪o: k'uts'aʔadeʔ
	chiba:	-l	t̪a	ʔal	t̪o:	k'uts'	-aʔa	-de	-ʔ
	who	-acc.	Q	this	me	annoy	-reflex.	-present	-Q
who am I getting annoyed with? who am I getting bothered by? who am I getting pestered by? who am I getting bugged by?
EC

chiba:l t̪a mit̪o k'uts'iʔ
	chiba:	-l	t̪a	mit̪o	k'uts'i	-ʔ
	who	-acc.	Q	you	pester	-Q
who are you annoyed with? who are you bothered by? who are you pestered by? who are you bugged by?
EC

chiba: t̪a ʔal mit̪o k'uts'kaʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	ʔal	mit̪o	k'uts'	-ka	-ʔ
	who	Q	this	you	annoy	-cause	-Q
who is this annoying you? who is this bothering you? who is this pestering you? who is this bugging you?
EC

chiba: t̪a ma:dal minninkaʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	ma:dal	minni	-nka	-ʔ
	who	Q	her	pregnant	-cause	-Q
who got her pregnant?
EC

chiba: t̪a t̪o: pʰewʔkʰeʔ hin t̪'aʔadin ʔa: muu mitin kadokadoman diyalin

chiba:

t̪a

t̪o:

pʰe

-w

-ʔ

-kʰe

-ʔ

-n

t̪'aʔa

-di

-n

ʔa:

muu

miti

-n

kado

-kado

-ma

-n

diyali

-n

who

pick up

-dir.

-semelf.

-future

-Q

say

-ing

think

-present

-ing

there

lie

-ing

roll

-redup.

-cont.

-ing

struggle

-ing

"who will pick me up?" I thought, lying there, rolling around, struggling (to get up)

chiba: jats'a: na
	chiba:	jats'a:	na
	who	break	evid.
someone broke (this) (I see) someone broke (it)
EC

chiba: t̪am dida:lkay
	chiba:	t̪a	-m	di-	-da:l	-ka	-y
	who	Q	-that	with fingers-	-break	-cause	-past
who broke that?
EC

chiba: t̪a ʔal dida:lnaʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	ʔal	di-	-da:l	-na	-ʔ
	who	Q	this	with fingers-	-break	-evid.	-Q
who broke this? who split this?
EC

chiba: t̪a ʔal dida:lkayʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	ʔal	di-	-da:l	-ka	-y	-ʔ
	who	Q	this	with fingers-	-break	-cause	-past	-Q
who broke this? (2) who caused this to split?
EC

chiba: t̪a mu:l pʰisosoboʔnaʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	mu:l	pʰiso	-sobo	-ʔ	-na	-ʔ
	who	Q	that	shatter	-redup.	-semelf.	-evid.	-Q
who shattered those? who broke those into pieces? who busted those up?
ES

chiba: t̪am jats'a:ʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	-m	ja-	-ts'a:	-ʔ
	who	Q	-that	rear-	-break	-Q
who broke that?
EC

chiba: t̪am jats'a:yʔ
	chiba:	t̪a	-m	ja-	-ts'a:	-y	-ʔ
	who	Q	-that	rear-	-break	-past	-Q
who broke that? (2)
EC